Johansen’s yield model—a widely adopted design model for determining reference lateral design values for wood member connections in heavy timber and mass timber construction—is mandated for use by regulatory authorities in both Europe and North America. However, its origins in tests conducted with earlier-generation wood materials and fastening technology pose limitations to its contemporary employment. Notably, the model does not adequately address the susceptibility of certain wood species and engineered wood products to splitting, nor does it consider the influence of connection geometry. Consequently, the estimates it provides may not consistently align with actual performance in modern mass timber applications. This drawback underscores the necessity for remedial considerations in practice.
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